The recent advances in researches and applications of human microbiota have overturned our cognition of health, life processes and diseases. In the last ten years, a large number of studies have found that trillions of microbes live in the gastrointestinal tract, the oral cavity, skin and the urogenital tract of human body. In particular, nearly 80% of these microbes colonize in the gut and contribute a lot to health and diseases. First, the gut microbiota provide essential physiological functions in the process of human life such as maintenance of host digestion and absorption, regulation of immune systems, participation of material and energy metabolism, and modulation of the functions of livers, lungs, the nervous system and the brain. Second, numerous studies have shown that the gut microbiota play a key role in many diseases such as infections, liver diseases, metabolic diseases, cardiac diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors, psychiatric disorders. What’s more, the efficacy of most oral and injectable drugs, and even the success or failure of treatment, is closely related to the composition and function of the human microbiota. At present, the research of gut microbiota has entered the stage of causal analysis and drug development from association research. This article will first briefly introduce the relationship and between the alteration of gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of diseases, and then mainly focus on the development and clinical trials of drugs based on gut microbiota.

Dr. Longxian Lv（Lui） is a principle investigator of State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center of infectious diseases, Zhejiang University of China. He is the member of Microecology Section of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, the deputy leader of pharmaceutics group of Microecology Section.
Dr. Lv hosted or participated in many general program, key program and major program of National Natural Science Fund, as well as several project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China. He mainly carry out the research on the role and mechanism of microbiota in immune and autoimmune diseases, and the research and development of probiotics and other key technologies or products for health promotion and disease control based on human microbiota.
Dr. Lv has published more than 60 papers in journal such as Nature communications, Angewandte chemistry, msystems. As the main contributor, he has won the first prize of science and technology progress award of Zhejiang Province, the first prize of science and technology progress award of Ministry of education of China.